Understanding Sore Throat: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
A sore throat is a common ailment that can cause discomfort, especially during activities like eating and talking. It often manifests as scratchiness, irritation, and worsens with swallowing. While most sore throats are not severe, persistent symptoms may require medical attention to prevent complications.
Common Symptoms of Sore Throat:
Soreness
Hoarseness
Dryness and reduced ability to talk
Scratchiness and irritation
Swelling and soreness in neck glands or jaw
Red, swollen tonsils
Pus or white patches on tonsils
Additional symptoms for upper respiratory tract infections may include cough, fever, runny nose, sneezing, body aches, headaches, nausea, or vomiting.
Types of Sore Throat:
Pharyngitis: Affects the area behind the mouth.
Tonsillitis: Swelling and redness of tonsils.
Laryngitis: Infection spreading to the larynx, causing hoarseness and cough due to swelling and redness of the voice box.
Common Causes:
Viruses: Common cold, influenza, Epstein Barr virus (EBV).
Bacteria: Streptococcus bacteria causing “strep throat.”
Other Causes: Dry heat, cold air, pollutants, chemicals, allergies, GERD (Gastro-Esophagus Reflux Disease), HIV infection, throat tumors, epiglottitis.
Risk Factors:
Weakened immune systems
Allergies
Children aged 5–15 years
Exposure to chemical irritants
Frequent or long-term sinus infections
When to See a Doctor:
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:
Severe, persistent sore throat
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Swelling of the neck or face
Fever of 101F/38C or above
Blood in saliva or mucus
Lump in the neck
Hoarseness lasting more than two weeks
Earache or rash
Diagnosis and Treatment:
Throat swab for bacterial testing (strep infection).
Rapid strep test with additional culture test if needed.
Blood test for Epstein Barr Virus if suspected.
Treatment varies based on the cause:
Bacterial infection: Antibiotics may be prescribed.
Viral infection: Over-the-counter pain relievers and rest.
Specific treatments for conditions like epiglottitis, tumors, or other underlying causes.
Medication and Home Remedies:
Over-the-counter pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin).
Sore throat sprays, lozenges, and cough syrup.
Herbal remedies like licorice root, slippery elm, and marshmallow root.
Home remedies: Rest, fluids, cold foods, warm saltwater gargle, and soothing drinks with honey, lemon, and ginger.
Caution with unproven home remedies, especially for those under 18, pregnant, or with certain health conditions.
Always consult with a healthcare professional before trying alternative remedies to ensure safety and compatibility with existing medications. Ear Care Medical Center in Dubai is here to provide personalized care and guidance for your sore throat concerns.
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